![]() The notochord expands and develops into the nucleus pulposus of intervertebral disks. Chondrification centres appear during the 6th week of development within a mesenchymal template, which enclose the notochord and developing neural tube. The sclerotomes migrate around the neural tube and the notochord forming the vertebral bodies, arches, transverse and spinous processes. Accurate interpretation requires knowledge of normal, variant and abnormal vertebral morphology.Ī- d: Embryology of vertebral bodies and intervertebral discs: Illustration (1–6) demonstrating the steps in development of vertebral bodies from sclerotomes.Abnormalities in spinal cord development may be associated and must be searched for.On imaging, malformed vertebrae can be indistinguishable from acute trauma.Some vertebral malformations predispose the affected individual to trauma or myelopathy. ![]() This review article seeks to familiarize the reader with the embryology, normal and variant anatomy of the vertebral column and the imaging appearance and clinical impact of the spectrum of vertebral malformations arising as a consequence of disordered embryological development. This knowledge will improve diagnostic confidence in acute situations and confounding clinical scenarios. ![]() Accurate imaging interpretation of vertebral malformations requires knowledge of ageappropriate normal, variant and abnormal vertebral morphology and the clinical implications of each entity. These anomalies can occasionally mimic acute trauma (bipartite atlas versus Jefferson fracture, butterfly vertebra versus burst fracture), or predispose the affected individual to myelopathy. Malformations can be simple with little or no clinical consequence, or complex with serious structural and neurologic implications. Malformed vertebrae can arise secondary to errors of vertebral formation, fusion and/or segmentation and developmental variation. ![]() A variety of structural developmental anomalies affect the vertebral column. ![]()
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